Limoges had strong antecedents in the production of decorative objects. The city was the most famous European centre of vitreous enamel production in the 12th century, and Limoges enamel was known as Opus de Limogia or Labor Limogiae. It had also been the site of a minor industry producing plain faience earthenware since the 1730s. Reference: Wikipedia

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Royal Worcester is believed to be the oldest or second oldest remaining English porcelain brand still in existence today, established in 1751 (this is disputed by Royal Crown Derby, which claims 1750 as its year of establishment). Since 2009 part of the Portmeirion Group, Royal Worcester remains in the luxury tableware and giftware market, although production in Worcester itself has ended.

Technically, the Worcester Royal Porcelain Co. Ltd. known as Royal Worcester was formed in 1862, and wares produced before this are known as Worcester porcelain, although the company had a royal warrant from 1788. The enterprise has followed the pattern of other leading English porcelain brands, with increasing success during the 18th and 19th centuries, and a gradual decline during the 20th century, especially the latter half.

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Wang Bingrong, believed to have been active during the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods (1862-1908), was among the celebrated emerging artists who gained fame as a talented porcelain carver. According to Yinliuzhai Shuo Ci (Commentary on Porcelain from the Studio of Drinking Streams) composed by Xu Zhiheng during the Qing dynasty, Wang’s best-known work was scholar’s objects.

Dragons were among Wang’s popular designs. It was characteristic that the eyes of the dragons in Wang’s works were usually enameled in black. His dragons are executed in varying styles and positions, suggesting that the designs were more likely achieved by hand carving, not from mold.

Wang’s works are usually covered with pale monochrome enamels and sometimes left in the raw biscuit state. For more carved porcelain examples, some with Wang Bingrong signatures, refer to Elegance in Relief, Carved Porcelain from Jingdezhen of the 19th to early 20th Centuries, Tony Miller and Humphrey Hui, pp. 160-276.

Wang Bingrong, along with Chen Guozhi and Li Yucheng, were ceramic artists at Jingdezhen during the early nineteenth century, who individually crafted and signed carved porcelains. During the first half of the nineteenth century the distinction between artists and craftsmen began to dissolve, encouraging fine artists like Wang to assume artistic pretensions of identification.

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The M P Sevres printed mark is for Paul Milet Sevres. This mark was probably used from around 1911 on the death of his father Optatus. Threatened with a lawsuit, Paul Milet changed its brand by reversing the initials. On the 4th October 1930, he filed the trademark “PM Sevres” in the same dotted circle.

Sevres was originally a Royal factory which later became an Imperial factory.

The blue mark 1844 dates to around the late 19th century.

The third mark down is for the Sevres mark of Louis-Philippe, Chateau de Tuilleries around 1846

The fourth mark down is a late 18th Century mark for Sèvres consisting of interlaced L’s.

The fifth mark is on some figurines entitle Psyche in the Victoria & Albert Museum.  They were modelled by Falconet, Étienne-Maurice, who was born in 1716 and died in 1791

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